Withdrawal Before Peer Review

Authors may request to withdraw their manuscript before the peer-review process begins.

No charges will apply at this stage. However, the request must be submitted through an official written email.

Withdrawal During or After Peer Review

Once the peer-review process has started, withdrawal is not encouraged.

If the author insists on withdrawing the manuscript, Processing and Handling Charges will apply because editorial and reviewer resources have already been utilized.

Withdrawal After Acceptance

Withdrawal after the manuscript has been accepted is strictly not permitted, except in rare ethical circumstances such as duplicate submission or plagiarism. In such cases, a Withdrawal Penalty may be applicable.

Retraction After Publication

Published articles can only be retracted for valid ethical issues. The final decision of retraction lies solely with the Editorial Board.